However, it has recently gained traction as a viable explanation for a wide variety of gastrointestinal manifestations. Historically, SIBO was widely considered a controversial and contested diagnosis.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a well-recognized cause of maldigestion and malabsorption worldwide. Glucose and lactulose breath testing have become the go-to diagnostic method in clinical practice due to its noninvasive nature and low cost. Treatment is guided towards the eradication of bacteria in the small bowel and usually consists of a prolonged course of oral antibiotics. Due to recent advances in our understanding of the human microbiome, we are surely poised for a transformation in our approach to diagnosing and treating this condition. However, due to its invasive nature, it remains an unpopular method among patients and clinicians alike. Symptoms observed in SIBO, including abdominal distension, bloating, diarrhea, and gas formation, are nonspecific and can overlap with other gastrointestinal disorders. Frequently cited predisposing factors include gastric acid suppression, dysmotility, gastric bypass, and opioids. The diagnostic gold standard remains small bowel aspirate and culture. It refers to a condition in which there is an excess and imbalance of small intestinal bacteria. Despite its prevalence, it remains underdiagnosed due to the invasive nature of diagnostic testing. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal disorder affecting millions of individuals throughout the United States.
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